Thermoacoustic oscillations in ducted domestic heating systems

Thermoacoustic oscillation is a significant problem in ducted domestic heating systems fitted with fully premixing burners as well as in combustion systems of industrial scale. This paper reports experiments using a burner closely representative of practical designs in which high-intensity free-field sound has been used to simulate the feedback which may be excited naturally in installations with different acoustic properties. This experimental approach facilitates study of the non-linear response of the burner/flame sub-system to feedback of different frequencies and direct measurement of the acoustic impedance of the burner under operational conditions. A function proportional to the Rayleigh integral has been evaluated directly from the experimental results. It is found that the head of this type of burner divides the typical installation into a quarter-wave tube and a Helmholtz resonator which must couple unstably for thermoacoustic oscillations to be autoexciting. It is further found that there is a strong interaction between the acoustic field and the mean flow which modifies significantly the behaviour of the burner as a Helmholtz resonator and thus the stability of the whole system.     

脉冲管制冷机蓄冷器的热力学循环数值分析

脉冲管制冷机内部工质气体热力学循环是理解脉冲管制冷机制冷机理的一个重要方面。本文采用拉格朗日方法对制冷机蓄冷器内部气体微团热力学循环进行了数值统计分析,结果表明,对于变频率和充气压力工况,蓄冷器内单位质量气体单位时间内循环换热量和制冷机能达到的最低制冷温度紧密相关。     

大冷量分置式低温制冷机的研究与分析

叙述了大冷量低温制冷机系统的设计要求、设计计算、结构特点和测试结果,对影响制冷机的可靠性各类因素进行了分析,目前该制冷机与红外探测器组件的联试已取得成功,制冷机各项设计指标已满足组件要求.     

Performance characteristics a nonlinear diode and optimal analysis of refrigerator

This paper establishes a model of a nonlinear diode refrigerator consisting of two diodes switched in the opposite directions and located in two heat reservoirs with different temperatures. Based on the theory of thermal fluctuations, the expressions of the heat flux absorbed from the heat reservoirs are derived. After the heat leak between the two reservoirs is considered, the cooling rate and the coefficient of performance are obtained analytically. The influence of the heat leak and the temperature ratio on the performance characteristics of the refrigerator is analysed in detail.     

大冷量气体轴承斯特林制冷机与杜瓦耦合漏热分析

对大冷量气体轴承斯特林制冷机及其与杜瓦耦合方式进行了论述,对插拔式杜瓦耦合漏热损失进行了理论计算及试验分析,结果表明,插拔式杜瓦耦合损失为76.1%,制冷量仅有2 W@80 K。经分析可知,制冷机冷指与杜瓦内胆之间产生的环隙漏热是影响耦合性能的主要因素,通过对环隙采用真空密封方式和减小环隙引起的漏热损失,耦合损失降至16.5%,制冷量提升至7 W@80 K。该耦合方式简单可靠,易于操作,满足制冷机可拆卸更换和维修的工程化需求。     

Thermal Entangled Quantum Refrigerator Working with Three-Qubit Heisenberg XX Model

An entangled quantum refrigerator working with a three-qubit one-dimensional isotropic Heisenberg XX model in a constant external magnetic field is constructed in this paper. Based on the quantum first law of thermodynamics, the expressions for several basic thermodynamic quantities such as the heat transferred, the net work and the coefficient of performance are derived. Moreover, the influence of the thermal entanglement on the basic thermodynamic
quantities is investigated. Several interesting features of the variation of the basic thermodynamic quantities with the thermal entanglement in zero and nonzero magnetic field are obtained.     

行波型热声发动机起振温差的研究

热声机械作为一种新型的能量转化装置 ,讨论其起振温差对于利用低品位能源具有非常重要的意义。文中讨论了行波型热声发动机起振温差的计算方法 ,得到了回热器结构、工作介质、丝网、频率等对起振温差的影响规律     

极低温散粒噪声测试系统及隧道结噪声测量

介观体系输运过程中载流子的离散性导致了散粒噪声.通过测量散粒噪声可以得到传统的基于时间平均值的电导测量无法得到的随时间涨落信息,因而作为一种重要手段在极低温量子输运研究中得到了一定的应用.极低温环境下的噪声测量是一种难度很大的极端条件下的微弱信号测量,通常需要在低温端安装前置放大器并且尽量靠近待测器件以提高测量信噪比和带宽,因此对放大器的噪声水平和功耗都有严格的要求.提出了在稀释制冷机内搭建的散粒噪声测量系统,以及利用此套系统得到了在mK温区超导隧道结散粒噪声的测量结果.自行研制的高电子迁移率晶体管低温前置放大器采用整体封装,便于安装在商用干式稀释制冷机的4 K温区,本底电压噪声为0.25 nV/√Hz,功耗仅为0.754 mW.通过对隧道结进行散粒噪声测量,得到的Fano因子和理论计算吻合.     

线性不可逆热力学框架下一个无限尺寸热源而有限尺寸冷源的制冷机的性能分析

如何优化工作在有限尺寸的热源与冷源之间的热设备的性能是有限时间热力学领域的一个重要课题.本文在线性不可热力学框架下,结合有限时间热力学理论,研究了一个无限尺寸热源而有限尺寸冷源的制冷机的工作过程,解析性地推导了紧耦合条件下平均输入功率以及制冷系数表达式,并且进一步讨论了该制冷机的性能.发现平均输入功率与制冷时间不存在明确的优化关系,而且输入功率的增加导致制冷系数单调减小,但辐射能的增加致使制冷系数增强.研究结果对于深入理解实际的热力学过程具有一定的工程实践性价值.